(Prepared by: Noopur, 20220901022)
SMALL POX
What is smallpox?
Smallpox is an acute contagious disease caused by the variola virus, a member of the DNA virus of orthopoxviral family.
It may include the word small but it is one of the most dangers diseases involved from virus. It was one of the most devastating diseases known to humanity and caused millions of deaths before it was eradication.
Should we still worry about smallpox?
It is believed to have existed for at least 3000 years. The World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eradicated. Currently, there is no evidence of naturally occurring smallpox transmission anywhere in the world. No cases were reported from 1977 to 1980. Through vaccination, the disease was eradicated in 1980.
From where it has come? How it is spread?
There are no natural animal carriers nor natural propagation of variola outside the human body. It is transmitted from person to person, and natural infection occurs by inhalation of respiratory droplets or contact with infected material on mucous membranes.
What are the signs of smallpox?
People who had smallpox had a fever and a distinctive, progressive skin rash. Acute infectious disease that begins with a high fever, headache, and back pain and then proceeds to an eruption on the skin that leaves the face and limbs covered with cratered pockmarks, or pox.
How is smallpox treated?
The vaccine prompts the body's immune system to make the tools, called antibodies, it needs to protect against the variola virus and help prevent smallpox disease.
MEASLES
What is measles?
Measles is a highly contagious, serious disease caused by a virus. Measles is caused by a virus in the paramyxovirus family. It is an enveloped, non-segmented, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus, and its genome encodes at least six structural proteins.
How is this caused?
Measles is caused by a virus found in the nose and throat of an infected child or adult. When someone with measles coughs, sneezes or talks, infectious droplets spray into the air, where other people can breathe them in. The infectious droplets can hang in the air for about an hour.
What are the signs of measles?
The first sign of measles is usually a high fever, a runny nose, a cough, red and watery eyes, and small white spots inside the cheeks. The most serious complications include blindness, encephalitis (an infection that causes brain swelling), severe diarrhoea and related dehydration, ear infections, or severe respiratory infections such as pneumonia.
How is measles treated?
Measles can be prevented with MMR vaccine. The vaccine protects against three diseases: measles, mumps, and rubella. The MMR vaccine is very safe and effective.[1], [2]
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